What does "dysfunction" refer to?

"Dysfunction" refers to impairment or abnormal functioning of an organ, system, or process. In medical and psychological contexts, the term is often used to describe situations where normal functions are disrupted, leading to issues in health or wellbeing. For instance, in a psychological setting, a person might experience emotional or cognitive dysfunction that impairs their ability to perform daily activities effectively. This understanding emphasizes that dysfunction indicates a deviation from the normal or expected functioning, highlighting the presence of issues that need to be addressed to restore proper function. In contrast, the other options describe states of optimal performance or standard operations, which do not align with the definition of dysfunction.