Which study technique is recommended for enhancing retention of complex information?

Active recall through flashcards and self-quizzing is an effective technique for enhancing retention of complex information because it engages the learner in the retrieval of knowledge from memory, which strengthens neural connections related to that information. This method encourages students to actively process and recall what they have learned, rather than simply recognizing or rereading it, which is often less effective.

When using flashcards or self-quizzing, individuals test their understanding by retrieving information, which is a critical component of effective learning. This approach not only evaluates what is known but also highlights areas that require further study. This kind of engagement is essential for solidifying information and moving it from short-term to long-term memory.

In contrast, passive reading of notes or listening to lectures without active participation does not involve this level of engagement, making it harder for these methods to promote lasting retention. While they can provide a general overview, they do not challenge the learner to actively engage with the material. Group discussions can be beneficial when focused, but discussions that lack direction might dilute the opportunity for meaningful learning.